Knee pain causes

What Can Cause Knee Pain Without Injury?

Knee pain is a common complaint, but not everyone who experiences it has had a recent injury. Many people are surprised when their knees start hurting without any obvious trauma. If you're dealing with unexplained knee discomfort, several underlying conditions or lifestyle factors could be to blame.

pain on inner side of knee

Common Causes of Knee Pain Without Injury

1. Osteoarthritis (Degenerative Joint Disease)

Osteoarthritis is the most common form of arthritis and occurs due to wear and tear of the knee joint over time. It leads to the breakdown of cartilage, causing pain, stiffness, and swelling.

Symptoms:

·         Pain that worsens with activity

·         Stiffness, especially in the morning

·         Grinding or popping sensations

2. Rheumatoid Arthritis (Autoimmune Disorder)

Unlike osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune condition where the body attacks its own joint tissues, leading to inflammation, pain, and potential joint deformity.

Symptoms:

·         Symmetrical pain (affects both knees)

·         Swelling and warmth in the joint

·         Fatigue and fever (in some cases)

3. Gout or Pseudogout

Gout is caused by uric acid crystal buildup, while pseudogout is due to calcium crystals. Both can cause sudden, severe knee pain without prior injury.

Symptoms:

·         Intense pain and swelling

·         Redness and warmth around the joint

·         Attacks that come and go

4. Bursitis (Inflammation of the Bursa)

The knee has small fluid-filled sacs (bursae) that cushion the joint. Overuse, prolonged kneeling, or infections can inflame them, leading to bursitis.

Symptoms:

·         Swelling and tenderness

·         Pain when moving or pressing on the knee

·         Warmth and redness (if infected)

5. Tendinitis (Patellar or Quadriceps Tendon Inflammation)

Repetitive motions (like running or jumping) can irritate the tendons around the knee, causing tendinitis.

Symptoms:

·         Pain just below the kneecap (patellar tendinitis)

·         Stiffness and discomfort with movement

·         Worse after exercise

6. Iliotibial (IT) Band Syndrome

The IT band is a thick tissue running from the hip to the knee. Overuse (common in runners) can cause it to rub against the knee, leading to pain.

Symptoms:

·         Sharp or burning pain on the outer knee

·         Discomfort that worsens with activity

7. Meniscus Tears (Degenerative Type)

While meniscus tears often result from injury, older adults can develop degenerative tears due to cartilage weakening over time.

Symptoms:

·         Pain, swelling, and stiffness

·         A "locking" sensation in the knee

8. Obesity or Excess Weight

Carrying extra weight puts added stress on the knees, accelerating joint wear and tear, even without injury.

9. Poor Posture or Misalignment

Flat feet, overpronation, or muscle imbalances can alter knee mechanics, leading to chronic pain.

10. Infections (Septic Arthritis)

Though rare, bacterial or viral infections can infect the knee joint, causing sudden pain, swelling, and fever.

When to See a Doctor

If your knee pain:

·         Persists for more than a few weeks

·         Is severe or worsening

·         Comes with swelling, redness, or fever

·         Limits your mobility

Final Thoughts

Knee pain without injury can stem from various causes, including arthritis, overuse, infections, or structural issues. Early diagnosis and treatment (such as physical therapy, medications, or lifestyle changes) can help manage symptoms and prevent further damage.

If you're experiencing unexplained knee pain, consult a healthcare provider for a proper evaluation.

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